Equal Representation Act of 2025

This bill would require the decennial census to include a question regarding the citizenship and immigration status of every household member. The resulting data would be used to exclude noncitizens from the population counts used to determine the number of U.S. Representatives allocated to each state. Additionally, the Department of Commerce would be required to publicly release the number of residents in each state categorized by their status as citizens, non-citizen nationals, or lawfully and unlawfully residing non-citizens.

This bill affects the President and the Department of Commerce, who must adjust census procedures and reporting requirements for congressional reapportionment. It also impacts all individuals residing in the United States, as census questionnaires would require respondents to disclose the citizenship and immigration status of every household member. Additionally, the noncitizen population is specifically affected by their exclusion from the population counts used to determine the number of U.S. Representatives allocated to each state.

• Exclusion of noncitizens from reapportionment. Requires the President's decennial census statement to Congress to exclude noncitizens when determining the number of persons in each state for the purpose of reapportioning U.S. Representatives.
• Citizenship and immigration status census inquiry. Mandates that decennial census questionnaires include options for respondents to identify themselves and household members as U.S. citizens, non-citizen U.S. nationals, or non-U.S. nationals residing lawfully or unlawfully in the country.
• Public disclosure of population data by status. Directs the Department of Commerce to release public reports showing the number of persons in each state categorized by their specific citizenship and residency status.

• H.R. 151, Equal Representation Act of 2025
  Apr 22, 2026 · As reported by the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform on April 21, 2026

This bill modifies the decennial census and reapportionment process by requiring the President to exclude noncitizens from the state population totals used to determine the number of U.S. Representatives. It also adds a citizenship status inquiry to the Department of Commerce's census questionnaires.

The bill aims to exclude noncitizens from the population count used for the reapportionment of U.S. Representatives and requires the decennial census to collect and publish specific data regarding the citizenship and immigration status of all persons residing in each state.