Critical Minerals Security Act of 2025

This bill would require the Department of the Interior to submit regular reports assessing the global ownership and supply of critical minerals and rare earth elements, including recycled materials. It proposes a process to help U.S. citizens and entities divest from foreign mining or processing operations by finding buyers not controlled by North Korea, China, Russia, or Iran. Additionally, the bill directs the Department to develop strategies for collaborating with allies on advanced mineral technologies and sharing related intellectual property.

The bill affects the Department of the Interior and the U.S. Geological Survey, which are tasked with reporting on global mineral resources and developing international collaboration strategies. It also impacts U.S. persons—including citizens, lawful permanent residents, and domestic entities—who seek to divest from foreign mining, processing, or recycling operations. Additionally, the legislation involves U.S. allies and partners through new frameworks for sharing intellectual property and developing mineral technologies.

• Global resource reporting requirements. The Department of the Interior must submit a report every two years assessing the global ownership and supply of critical minerals and rare earth elements, including recyclable materials containing these resources.
• Divestment assistance for foreign mining operations. The Department of the Interior is required to establish a process to help U.S. persons find purchasers for their foreign mining, processing, or recycling operations when seeking to divest from entities not controlled by North Korea, China, Russia, or Iran.
• International collaboration on mineral technologies. The bill mandates the development of a strategy to work with U.S. allies on advanced mining, refining, and recycling technologies.
• Intellectual property sharing framework. The Department of the Interior must create a method for sharing related intellectual property with allies and partners to facilitate the licensing of technologies and the development of their own mineral resources.

The Department of the Interior must submit its initial report on global critical mineral and rare earth element resources within one year of the bill's enactment, with subsequent reports required every two years thereafter.

The bill utilizes the U.S. Geological Survey's existing designations for critical minerals to define the scope of new requirements for the Department of the Interior.

The bill aims to secure United States access to critical minerals and rare earth elements by requiring comprehensive global resource assessments and establishing a process to help domestic entities divest from foreign mining operations controlled by specific adversarial nations. Additionally, it seeks to strengthen international cooperation through the development and sharing of advanced mining and processing technologies with U.S. allies.